Calculating the Correct Cable Cleat Spacing
Correct Cable Cleat Spacing
The way to calculate the Correct Cable Cleat Spacing (or other fixing spacing) differs depending on whether it is a Single or a Trefoil Cleat Spacing that you are after. In the tables and formulas below you can find the best way to calculate the maximum distance / spacing between cable cleat fixings.
Single Cables
| MAXIMUM SPACING OF CABLE CLEATS & FIXINGS | ||||||
| Overall Diameter of cable² (OD) |
Non-armoured thermosetting, thermoplastic or lead sheathed cables and non-armoured fire resisting cables |
Single-wire armoured cables including fire resisting armoured cable |
Mineral insulated copper sheathed or Aluminium sheathed cables |
|||
| Horizontal5 2 | Vertical5 3 | Horizontal5 6 | Vertical5 7 | Horizontal5 8 | Vertical5 9 | |
| OD ≤ 9 mm | 250 mm | 400 mm | – | – | 600 mm | 800 mm |
| 9 mm < OD ≤ 15 mm | 300 mm | 400 mm | 350 mm | 450 mm | 900 mm | 1200 mm |
| 15 mm < OD ≤ 20 mm | 350 mm | 450 mm | 400 mm | 550 mm | 1500 mm | 2000 mm |
| 20 mm < OD ≤ 40 mm | 400 mm | 550 mm | 450 mm | 600 mm | – | – |
| 40 mm < OD ≤ 50 mm | 600 mm | 800 mm | 900 mm | 1100 mm | – | – |
| 50 mm < OD ≤ 60 mm | 750 mm | 1000 mm | 950 mm | 1100 mm | – | – |
| 60 mm < OD ≤ 70 mm | 900 mm | 1200 mm | 1000 mm | 1200 mm | – | – |
| OD ≥ 70 mm | 1000 mm | 1400 mm | 1200 mm | 1400 mm | – | – |
Notes:
- Fire resistant fixings should be used for fire resistant cables.
- For flat cables taken as the dimension of the major axis.
- The spacings shown above apply to multi-core cables.
- The spacing of fixings on single core cables in a.c. installations must take account of the magnitude of forces generated under fault conditions.
- The spacings stated for horizontal runs may be applied also to runs at an angle of more than 30° from the vertical.
- For runs at an angle of 30° or less from the vertical, spacing suggestions are applicable.
Cleating Cables in Trefoil
When a short circuit fault occurs in a three phase system, there is at first a period of extreme asymmetry which is then followed by a steadier more symmetric state.
The degree of asymmetry depends on when in the cycle the fault is initiated and also the nature of the fault, e.g. three phase to earth. By convention, the “Peak” is the maximum current value achieved in the early asymmetrical period and it is at this point that the highest instantaneous force between the cables occurs.
Where the system peak fault current and the cable diameter are known, BS EN 61914:2009 (IEC 61914) provides a formula which enables us to calculate the maximum force on a cable conductor.
Ft= 0.17 x ip2 / S (B.4)
Where:
Ft is the maximum force on the cable conductor in a trefoil configuration for a three phase short circuit [N/m]
ip is the peak short-circuit current [kA]
S is the centre to centre distance between two neighbouring conductors [m] (for Trefoil arrangements S=Cable Diameter)
Short circuit tests in accordance with BS EN 61914:2009 are performed on the most critical cleat size within its range; the Formula (B.4) can then be used to calculate the maximum F generated during the test. This maximum force figure can then be used when specifying alternative configurations of the cable size and fault current – calculating the theoretical Ft for the alternative configuration and ensuring that it is less than or equal to the as tested value.
Trefoil Cleat Spacing
Trefoil Cleats that are required to withstand the high forces generated by high short circuit currents will often be spaced at very regular intervals – typically matching the commonly available cable ladder (i.e. 300 mm / 225 mm).
The maximum short circuit current values will be quoted with the test information for each design of trefoil cleats – if a system uses larger cables or has a lower fault current it may be possible to broaden these spacings. (Contact our Technical Team for help)
As a general rule, in order to create and maintain a satisfactory trefoil installation, a maximum trefoil cleat spacing of 900 mm is preferred.
For more information and answers to Frequently Asked Questions on Cable Clamps and Cleats (like “what are cable cleats?”, “when are cable cleats used?”, “cable cleat specification”, “how to fix cable cleats“ and more follow the link: What are Cable Cleats? The Definitive Guide
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